Resume vs. CV — what to send and when

Every semester at least one classmate asks me what the difference is between a resume and a CV. So here's the short version.

TL;DR

	Resume	CV
Length	1 page (junior), 2 max	As long as it needs to be
Region	US/Canada job applications	Academic + most of EU/UK
Sections	Skills, experience, projects, education	Adds publications, talks, grants, references
Tone	Marketing copy	Comprehensive record

When you want a resume

• Internship/full-time tech jobs in the US/Canada.
• Internal applications at large companies.
• Networking conversations ("do you have anything to send me?").

Optimize for scannable in 30 seconds. Strong verbs, results, numbers.

When you want a CV

• Grad school / PhD applications.
• Research roles.
• Faculty / postdoc positions.
• Most of Europe / UK / Australia (where "CV" is just what they call resumes).

The bare-minimum sections (resume)

1. Contact — name, location, email, GitHub, LinkedIn. Nothing else.
2. Education — school, degree, expected graduation, GPA only if ≥ 3.5.
3. Experience — bullet points. Each starts with a verb. Each has a number when possible.
4. Projects — three max. Each one is deployed and has a link.
5. Skills — languages + frameworks you'd actually pass a screen on.

That's it. One page. White space is not your enemy.